400–450), attributed to the great Sangam poet Nakkirar, Murugan was the presiding deity of the kuṟiñci (hilly tracts). Extant Sangam literature works, dated between the third century BCE and the fifth century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils." The Sangam poetry divided space and Tamil land into five allegorical areas ( tinai) and, according to the Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai ( c.
The Tolkāppiyam, possibly the most ancient of the Tamil literature, mentions Cheyyavaṉ "the red one", who is identified with Murugan, whose name is literally Murukaṉ "the youth" the three other gods referred in the Tolkāppiyam are Māyavaṉ "the dark one" (identified with Vishnu), Vēntaṉ "the sovereign" (identified with Indra) and Koṟṟavai "the victorious" (identified with Kali). Historical development Sangam Tamil literature He was also known as Mahasena and the Kadamba dynasty worshiped him by this name. The several names of Murugan of Tamil origin would include the following, Cheyon, Senthil, Vēlaṇ, Kumāran ("prince, child, young one"), Svaminatha ("smart, clever"), Saravanan, Arumugam or Shanmuga ("having six faces"), Dandapani ("god with a club"), Guhan or Guruguha ("cave-dweller"), Subrahmanya, Kartikeya and Skanda "attacker". In Bengal, Odisha and Maharashtra, he is popularly known as Kartikeya. His six most important shrines in India are the Six Abodes of Murugan also known ( Tamil) Arupadaiveedu அறுபடை வீடு literally meaning six warhouses, temples located in Tamil Nadu. Murugan ( Tamil Murugaṉ) is often referred to as Tamiḻ kadavuḷ ("God of the Tamils") and is worshiped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially in Tamilnadu and Puducherry, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Réunion. He is also the primary deity of the Kaumaram sect of Hinduism. He is the Commander-in-Chief of the army of the devas and the son of Shiva. Karthikeyan ( Tamil: Kārttikēyaṉ கார்த்திகேயன், முருகன் Sanskrit कार्त्तिकेय Kārttikēya "son of Kaarthigai pendir" ) ( / ˌ k ɑːr t ɪ ˈ k eɪ j ə/), also known as Murugan, Skandan or Kandan, Kumaran, Kumara Swami Guhan, Velan, Senthilnathan, Swaminathan, Dhandhayudapani, Saravanan, ஆறுமுகன் AaRumugan (meaning six faced one) and Subramaniam, is the Hindu god of war.
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